Constitutional Imbalance: Articles 160 and 140A….Two Tales of Devolution of Powers
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🎙️ اپنا پسرور ڈیپ ڈائیو (Google NotebookLM انداز)2-میزبان آڈیو پوڈکاسٹ
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Constitutional Imbalance: Articles 160 and 140A…. Two Tales of Devolution of Powers. 📌 Key Highlights & Quick Takeaways: There are two distinct stories of devolution of powers to lower levels in the Constitution of Pakistan. The first story is about the relatio. Here the constitution is detailed, providing institutional arrangements and protection. Article 160 requires establishing a National Finance. The second story is about the relationship between provinces and local governments. Article 140A obliges every province to establish a syste. There are two distinct stories of devolution of powers to lower levels in the Constitution of Pakistan. The first story is about the relationship between the federation and the provinces. Here the constitution is detailed, providing institutional arrangements and protection. Article 160 requires establishing a National Finance Commission, determining its composition and representation of members and setting up a new commission at a maximum interval of five years. It lays down its responsibilities, provides for the implementation of recommendations and mandates the submission of recommendations, including action taken, to Parliament and provincial assemblies. The Eighteenth Amendment went a step further and protected the share of the provinces from being reduced from the previous award and mandated monitoring of implementation. The second story is about the relationship between provinces and local governments. Article 140A obliges every province to establish a system of local governments and to transfer political, administrative and financial responsibilities and powers to elected local representatives. It is the responsibility of the Election Commission of Pakistan to conduct local government elections. The constitutional mandate is clear, but the institutional arrangement to ensure implementation of Article 140A is significantly limited as compared to Article 160. This distinction is also important because the Eighteenth Amendment made both provisions subject. It further strengthened Article 160, while giving Article 140A its present form. This difference brings to the fore the fundamental problem of incomplete devolution of powers in Pakistan. Article 160 does not merely direct the Federation to share resources with the provinces. It would establish a commission, ensure provincial representation, lay down a periodic process, define responsibilities, provide for implementation and protect the share of provinces. In contrast, Article 140A does not prescribe the basic duties of local governments, their minimum entitlement to financial resources, the composition of provincial finance commissions or the intervals for their formation. Nor does it prescribe any method of automatic transfer of the local portion determined according to neutral criteria. In one case, the devolution of powers is supported by constitutional institutions and procedures. In others, much of its practical character is left to provincial legislation. This is the basic imbalance. Official Wire Source & Legal Disclaimer Read ▼ 📰 Official Source & Legal Provenance: ARY News Urdu Documented Wire Record Editorial & Legal Notice: Ingested and verified from official journalistic wire (ARY News Urdu) under applicable press regulations. Full primary documentary sources are permanently archived.
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